David Bowie is (part 13): 'Tens of thousands found me in demand'

Between October 1973 and February 1974 David Bowie began to record a new album with his old producer and friend Tony Visconti. Bowie had originally intended his next album to be a rock adaptation of George Orwell's 1984. He had even got as far as writing three songs for the project, '1984', 'Big Brother' and 'We Are The Dead'. When he approached Orwell's widow, Sonia, she refused permission on the grounds that she thought it sounded 'bizarre'.

Undeterred, Bowie came up with his own concept of a dystopian post-apocalyptic future world, known as Hunger City, complete with roller-skating gangs, violence and drugs. Bowie played a new character, Halloween Jack, a 'real cool cat'. At the time of its release Bowie described Diamond Dogs as "a very political album. My protest... more me than anything I've done previously". Diamond Dogs' raw guitar style and visions of urban chaos, scavenging children and nihilistic lovers ("We'll buy some drugs and watch old bands / And jump in the river holding hands") have been credited with anticipating the punk revolution that would take place in the following years. Bowie himself has described the Diamond Dogs, introduced in the title song, as

"all little Johnny Rottens and Sid Viciouses really. And, in my mind, there was no means of transport, so they were all rolling around on these roller-skates with huge wheels on them, and they squeaked because they hadn't been oiled properly. So there were these gangs of squeaking, roller-skating, vicious hoods, with Bowie knives and furs on, and they were all skinny because they hadn't eaten enough, and they all had funny-coloured hair. In a way it was a precursor to the punk thing."

Diamond Dogs was released at the end of April and it went to number one in Britain and to number five in the US.

Diamond Dogs

All songs written by David Bowie, except where noted.

Side one

1. 'Future Legend' – 1:05
2. 'Diamond Dogs' – 5:56
3. 'Sweet Thing' – 3:39
4. 'Candidate' – 2:40
5. 'Sweet Thing (Reprise)' – 2:31
6. 'Rebel Rebel' – 4:30

Side two

1. 'Rock 'n' Roll with Me' (lyrics: Bowie; music: Bowie, Warren Peace) – 4:00
2. 'We Are the Dead' – 4:58
3. '1984' – 3:27
4. 'Big Brother' – 3:21
5. 'Chant of the Ever Circling Skeletal Family' – 2:00

On 1 April 1974 David Bowie arrived in New York. He intended to move there and to sort out his problems with manager Tony Defries. Almost immediately he contacted Michael Kamen, a British rocker with a coke habit and a band that included guitarist Earl Slick. Kamen was employed as his Musical Director. He also auditioned a young session musician called Carlos Alomar but Alomar wasn't prepared to take the big drop in wages MainMan was offering. In June Bowie began the Diamond Dogs tour. His fans were shocked to see the 'Ziggy' hair and outfits gone in favour of floppy blonde hair, double-breasted suits and braces.

The first leg of the (US) Diamond Dogs Tour had elaborate staging that Bowie had been toying with since 1971. The $400,000 set included a backdrop of thirty-foot skyscrapers representing 'Hunger City', his dystopian metropolitan setting, plus a motorised bridge, a remote-controlled mirrored module and a cherry-picker in which Bowie would descend singing 'Space Oddity' into a radio mic disguised as a telephone. Bowie was obssessively attempting to assimilate the then-current cutting-edge R&B/soul into his repetoire and despite the outrage and negative criticism of his peers, he achieved it with some considerable success, as can be heard on the album David Live which was recorded on 14 & 15 July 1974.



When the first leg of the tour was finished Bowie went to Sigma Sound in Philadelphia to record a session for his next album. This time he managed to get Carlos Alomar to join him. The result of this first session, which was a conscious effort to make a soul-orientated album, was another new direction. Around this time Bowie realised that he was not an equal partner in his management company MainMan, as he had naively assumed, but an employee! Shortly after the tour resumed, Bowie was introduced to a young BBC director called Alan Yentob who wanted to make a documentary about him in America. The result, Cracked Actor, depicted Bowie thin, paranoid and frequently 'out of his gourd', as Bowie would later put it, on cocaine. It is a fascinating document of a man who was lucky to survive this period in his life.



In October 1974 Bowie decided to ditch his expensive set in its entirety and play the shows with an even more blatant soul sound. In November he filmed for the Dick Cavett Show in New York. Again it demonstrates the effect of excessive amounts of cocaine, although his addiction was to get even worse.



Next time: Lennon, more cocaine and The Tree Of Life

David Bowie is (part 12): 'Everything's Alright'

In July 1973, David Bowie took the Spiders minus Mick 'Woody' Woodmansey and the rest of his entourage to the chateau in France where T-Rex had recorded 'The Slider' and there they recorded Bowie's next album, 'Pin Ups'. It was to be an album of covers of some of Bowie's favourite songs from the sixties. It was effectively the last of the Ziggy-era albums which entered the charts at number one when it was released in October. Its predecessors were also still on the charts at numbers 13, 19 and 26. Whilst perhaps not the best-sounding Bowie album today it is nevertheless a fascinating document, an insight into how Bowie worked at that time and it would have been fantastic to any fan wanting more from 'Ziggy', as well remaining an interesting take on the Mod period.

According to co-producer Ken Scott, the album was intended to be "a complete opposite of his other albums" and "he wanted to do songs that weren't known as well in the States as they were in England". The woman on the cover with Bowie is 1960s supermodel Twiggy. On the back of the album sleeve Bowie writes of Pin-Ups: "These songs are among my favourites from the '64–67' period of London. Most of the groups were playing the Ricky-Tick (was it a 'y' or an 'i'?) Scene club circuit (Marquee, eel pie island la-la). Some are still with us. Pretty Things, Them, Yardbirds, Syd's Pink Floyd, Mojos, Who, Easybeats, Merseys, The Kinks. Love-on ya!"

Pin Ups
(Click each track to hear it)

Side one
No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
1.	'Rosalyn' (Originally recorded by The Pretty Things)	Jimmy Duncan, Bill Farley	2:27
2.	'Here Comes the Night' (Notably recorded by Them)	Bert Berns	3:09
3.	'I Wish You Would' (Notably recorded by The Yardbirds)	Billy Boy Arnold	2:40
4.	'See Emily Play' (Originally recorded by Pink Floyd)	Syd Barrett	4:03
5.	'Everything's Alright' (Originally recorded by The Mojos)	Nicky Crouch, John Konrad, Simon Stavely, Stuart James, Keith Karlson	2:26
6.	'I Can't Explain' (Originally recorded by The Who)	Pete Townshend	2:07

Side two
No.	Title	Writer(s)	Length
7.	'Friday on My Mind' (Originally recorded by The Easybeats)	George Young, Harry Vanda	3:18
8.	'Sorrow' (Notably recorded by The Merseys)	Bob Feldman, Jerry Goldstein, Richard Gottehrer	2:48
9.	'Don't Bring Me Down' (Originally recorded by The Pretty Things)	Johnnie Dee	2:01
10.	'Shapes of Things' (Originally recorded by The Yardbirds)	Paul Samwell-Smith, Jim McCarty, Keith Relf	2:47
11.	'Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere' (Originally recorded by The Who)	Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend	3:04
12.	'Where Have All the Good Times Gone' (Originally recorded by The Kinks)	Ray Davies	2:35

In October 1973 David Bowie recorded a one-off show for NBC in America called 'The 1980 Floor Show'. A bizarre combination of songs and acting the highlight has to be Bowie singing a duet of 'I Got You Babe' with Marianne Faithful dressed as some sort of perverted nun and apparently doing an impression of Velvet Underground singer Nico. Watch it here. Another highlight from 'The 1980 Floor Show' is one where Bowie tries out an early version of '1984' before, or possibly just after, he had given up on the idea of a musical adaptation of George Orwell's book (his widow, Sonia, refused permission on the grounds that she thought it sounded 'bizarre'). In this version the song is mixed with 'Dodo', a song that wasn't on the album that 1984 became, and which was only released in 1990 on the CD version of that album. See it here. Incidentally, the female backing singer in these videos is Ava Cherry, Bowie's then-girlfriend. Finally here is an interesting performance of Space Oddity, which was originally recorded in 1969 (skip to 3:48).

By the end of 1973 Bowie had decided he wanted to try a funky, more American vibe to his music. At a recording session for his next album, where they tried recording 1984/Dodo/1984 (reprise), it soon became clear that Mick Ronson and the rest of the band were not able to give Bowie what he wanted, or at least not immediately as he demanded. It was the end of the Bowie/Ronson partnership*. Around this time Bowie, Angie and Zowie moved to Chelsea while Defries, Bowie's manager, confidant and father figure moved to America. Without this crutch, Bowie became a mess and shortly after he started doing cocaine, the first time he had ever regularly taken drugs, to 'calm him down'. It was around this time too that Bowie became fascinated by Mick Jagger. Soon he would have the same relationship with Jagger he had had with Marc Bolan. He saw him as a friend but also a rival. Bolan had not made much of a mark in America so perhaps this was the source of Bowie's interest. As a result Bowie started making music that sounded very much like the Stones. One of the songs Bowie was working on in the studio sounded uncannily like the Rolling Stones. It was released as a single in February 1974. Here is the 'salsa' version that was released in America.

 

Post Script
* "It was the end of the Bowie/Ronson partnership" as far as Bowie's career was concerned but Bowie gifted Mick Ronson three songs for his solo album 'Slaughter on 10th Avenue', which was released in 1974, including 'Growing Up and I’m Fine'.



Shortly before he started working on his next album in early 1974, Bowie recorded a bunch of tracks with a group called the Astronettes, including singer Ava Cherry, who would sing with him for the next four years. The sessions weren’t officially released until the mid-1990s, but “I Am a Laser” is notable for a few reasons – not least that Bowie later reworked it as “Scream Like a Baby.”



Next time: cocaine, milk and pentagrams.

David Bowie is (part 11): 'Battle cries and champagne'

Recorded in December 1972 and January 1973 between legs of his American tour, David Bowie's next album featured the same line-up as 'Ziggy'. Despite not having the same conceptual cohesiveness and having been written on tour, 'Aladdin Sane' nevertheless boasts some wonderful songs and some great playing. Mike Garson's avant garde and sometimes atonal jazz piano lends an amazing quality to many of the tracks on the album, not least the title track. Bowie himself described the album simply as "Ziggy goes to America". When it was released in April 1973 it entered the British charts at number 1.

Aladdin Sane
All songs written and composed by David Bowie, except where noted.

Side one
No.	Title	Length
1.	'Watch That Man'	4:30
2.	'Aladdin Sane (1913-1938-197?)'	5:06
3.	'Drive-In Saturday'	4:33
4.	'Panic in Detroit'	4:25
5.	'Cracked Actor'	3:01

Side two
No.	Title	Length
6.	'Time'	5:15
7.	'The Prettiest Star'	3:31
8.	'Let's Spend the Night Together (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards)	3:10
9.	'The Jean Genie'	4:07
10.	'Lady Grinning Soul'	3:54

On 14 February 1973 Bowie embarked on another US tour, this time on a much bigger scale, in bigger venues and with five costume changes. Salvador Dali came on the opening night. The next night Bowie met Ava Cherry who would later become his 'official girlfriend'. On this tour Bowie spent less time with the band. However whenever Ronson, Bolder or Woodmansey mentioned money Bowie would say, 'don't worry we're all going to be rich'. When they spoke to the manger Tony Defries he would say 'never mind what Bowie told you you're getting, its what I tell you you're getting'. As a result the three Spiders tried to secure a record deal with CBS without Bowie. When Defries found out he offered them a bit more money and secretly told Ronson he would be Mainman's next big star. Satisfied for the moment they finished the American tour and then went to Japan for ten dates there in April.

Bowie was adored in Japan, mobbed at the stage door every night. 'Aladdin Sane' debuted at number one in Britain but sales were disappointing in the US. It was in Japan, with the Spiders wage rise still not putting in an appearance that Woodmansey (a recent recruit to scientology) in paticular had it out with Defries when he found out the roadies were being paid more than him. Defries replied 'I'd rather give the money to the road crew than to you'. Bolder and Woodmansey went on strike. Ronson talked them round, however, and they finished the Japanese leg of the tour before heading back to Britain.

After a brief rest the shows continued, the first in Britain at Earl's Court in May. The schedule was just as gruelling as before. By the last show at the Hammersmith Odeon on 3 July the outfits were falling apart, everyone was exhausted and Bowie was having psychological problems dealing with the stress and exhaustion from the schedule and from being 'in character' for so long. Defries realised that the planned further tour back in America could cause catastrophic losses for the organisation, Bowie realised that his creative run was coming to and end and so they decided to cancel the final American leg of the tour so Mainman's finance could recover, Bowie could recover from exhaustion and find himself creatively and the Spiders could be 'let go'.

Woodmansey and Bolder had no idea they were being sacked until Bowie made that announcement at the Hammersmith show. Ronson and the others, however had been told. Shortly after Bolder was invited to be on the next album along with Ronson and Garson but not Woodmansey the troublemaker, who would be replaced by Aynsley Dunbar. Bolder agreed.

Post Script
Here is Bowie performing 'Jean Genie' on Top Of The Pops in 1973.

Here is Bowie performing 'Drive In Saturday' on the Russell Harty Show in 1973.

Next time: Nuns, dodos and sorrow

David Bowie is (part 8): 'I'd rather stay here'

Original UK cover

At the beginning of 1970 Bowie's half-brother Terry who had been having schizophrenic episodes for a while had been admitted to Cane Hill, a mental asylum not far from Beckenham. Bowie's aunt Pat later criticised Bowie for abandoning his half-brother although there seems to have been little he could have done for him. Nevertheless Bowie appeared to feel guilty, perhaps a form of 'survivor's guilt' that Terry had inherited the madness that afflicted their mother's family while he had not.

In any case it was the inspiration for one of the best tracks on his next album, The Man Who Sold the World, namely 'All the Madmen'. Bowie describes Cane Hill 'a mansion cold and grey', 'high' and on the 'far side of town'. He also sings, 'I'd rather stay here with all the madmen' (including Terry), than remain on the outside with all 'the sad men'.

The Man Who Sold the World has a hard-edged, heavy rock sound that propells Bowie's songs into new dimensions. There has been discussion about how much this was down to Bowie and how much this was down to guitarist Mick Ronson and bassist/producer Tony Visconti who did a lot of the work arranging the songs while Bowie was elsewhere. I prefer to think of it as a dialectical relationship. Bowie inspired Ronson/Visconti to come up with the arrangements that in turn inspired Bowie to deliver his side of the bargain. This is borne out by the fact that when Ronson/Visconti when on to form 'Ronno' shortly afterwards the results were less than impressive. This album, however, is a classic, Bowie's first truly great album.

 

The Man Who Sold The World
All songs written and composed by David Bowie

Side one
No.	Title	Length
1.	'The Width of a Circle'	8:05
2.	'All the Madmen'	5:38
3.	'Black Country Rock'	3:32
4.	'After All'	3:52

Side two
No.	Title	Length
5.	'Running Gun Blues'	3:11
6.	'Saviour Machine'	4:25
7.	'She Shook Me Cold'	4:13
8.	'The Man Who Sold the World'	3:55
9.	'The Supermen'	3:38

   

Original US cover (with Cane Hill in the background)

In late 1970 it seemed as though all the pieces were finally dropping into place for David Bowie. However, over the next few months everyone except his girlfriend Angie would desert him. First it was producer and bassist Tony Visconti. Visconti decided he needed to spend time with his other up-and-coming artist: Marc Bolan. Bolan had just shortened the name of his band to T-Rex and Visconti produced his next single and album. 'Ride a White Swan' would be Bolan's breakthrough single. Meanwhile Bowie went back into the studio to record his next single. As all of the songs on The Man Who Sold the World were deemed to have too much of a hard rock edge and too dark a lyrical content to be commercially viable for a single release, Bowie recorded a new song 'Holy Holy'. This version has never been released again, always replaced by a version re-recorded in 1972 during the Ziggy Stardust sesssions. Shortly afterwards Ronson and Woodmansey decided to go back to Hull and Bowie hired Tony DeFries, a lawyer, to rid him of his out-of-touch (as Bowie saw it) manager Ken Pitt. In a few months time DeFries would assume the role of Bowie's manager but for the moment with the failure of yet another single, DeFries lost interest. Bowie was creatively isolated and alone. However it was this state of affairs that would, in the end, be the making of him.

 

In 1971 Bowie cocooned himself in Haddon Hall. With Visconti off with Marc Bolan, his flat was empty so Bowie installed an upright piano. Instead of his 12-string guitar, Bowie now started writing on the piano. The result was a slew of great piano-based songs such as 'Changes' and 'Life On Mars?' but perhaps one which is overlooked is 'Oh! You Pretty Things'. The song, which like McCartney did with 'Yesterday', Bowie woke up humming, was given to Peter Noone formerly with Herman's Hermits to record and was released as a single. It got to number 12 in the charts. So Bowie's first big hit since 'Space Oddity was sung by someone else, although Bowie plays piano on the track. Bowie was happy, however, and he would go on to record it for his next album.
 

Burretti and Bowie

David Bowie formed the fictional band Arnold Corns around this time. This was one of Bowie’s side projects and Bowie wrote the songs. The 'singer' was 19 year old dress designer Freddie Burretti (also known as Rudi Valentino). With the help of Mick Ronson, Mick Woodmansey and Trevor Bolder, Arnold Corns was created during the spring of 1971. Bowie was writing material that later became his fourth album, as well as songs earmarked for Burretti. Burretti as the frontman was a total fabrication. Bowie sang on all the recorded material.

 

The band’s first single was 'Moonage Daydream' with the B-side 'Hang On to Yourself', released on B&C Records in May 1971 and was a flop. Both these songs later reappeared on Ziggy Stardust in new versions with updated lyrics. The Arnold Corns versions appeared as bonus tracks on the Rykodisc CD re-release of The Man Who Sold the World. A second single 'Looking for a Friend' with the B-side 'Man in the Middle' was planned but scrapped. In 1972, B&C issued 'Hang On to Yourself' with the B-side 'Man in the Middle' as the second single.

 

1972 re-issue cover

On 30 May 1971 Angie Bowie gave birth to Duncan Zowie (pronounced Zoe) Haywood (after David's father) Jones. At first known as Zowie Bowie, he would later change his name to Joe and then Duncan Jones (he is now a film director). Bowie wrote the song 'Kooks' about his new-born son and just a few days later he was performing it at the BBC for their In Concert programme.


At the last minute Bowie phoned Mick Ronson whose band Ronno had not been doing too well. Ronson did the BBC session and he also brought Woodmansey and Ronno's new bass player Trevor Bolder with him. Thus this session marks the first time the future 'Spiders' played together. Shortly after the four went into the studio to record Bowie's fourth album.

 

Post Script

In 1974 Bowie produced a version of 'The Man Who Sold The World' for the singer Lulu. Bowie sings backing vocals and his band play on the track.

Bowie also wrote another song called 'Right On Mother' for Peter Noone in 1971 although this one failed to chart. To hear them, click on the links to Bowie's demo and Noone's single. Incedentally, Bowie played the piano on Noone's version. Herbie Flowers wrote the B-side, 'Walnut Whirl' and played bass on Lou Reed's Walk on the Wild Side, which was produced by Bowie.
 

Next time: everything's going to be fine